FAQ-linker

ABSTRACT

A system for retrieving information which is relevant to a user&#39;s input. The system has an input interface through which a user can enter an input. A questions source is coupled to the input interface and contains questions which are comparable to the input and which the source retrieves in response to an input. An information source is coupled to the input interface and contains information which is relevant to retrieved questions. A searcher is coupled to the input interface for searching the information source for information which is relevant to the input. A method for a computer system to retrieve information relevant to a user&#39;s input includes the steps of: entering an input in an input interface; matching the input with a question stored in a questions source; and selecting a question in the questions source with which to retrieve information relevant to the question.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/829,862, filed on Apr.1, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,028,601.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to an information retrievalsystem and more specifically to a system and method for building linksbetween Frequently Asked Questions (“FAQs”) and answers to FAQs.

2. Background Art

Frequently asked questions are commonly presented by outside parties toorganizations. For example, FAQs are presented to field servicetechnicians who repair products sold or leased by an organization. FAQsare also presented to telephone “hot lines” personnel who deal withcustomer problems, complaints or questions. Teaching assistants whoteach or assist students in large classes, and primary care physicianswho treat patients in medical clinics also encounter FAQs. See,Ackerman, Mark S. and Malone, Thomas W., Answer Garden: A Tool forGrowing Organizational Memory, Proceedings of the ACM Conference onOffice Information Systems, pp. 31-39, Cambridge, Mass. (April 1990),which is fully incorporated herein by reference. FAQs may also originatefrom within an organization, for example, as co-workers ask each otherfor assistance when computer problems occur.

FAQs have become common on the Internet in recent years. “FAQ postings”are found on Internet bulletin boards, and are usually authored ascontinuous texts, with the questions followed by answers in sequentialorder. The user's method of navigation to answer questions is bybrowsing through the questions-answers text or by using a “Find” commandwithin the application program to locate specific text strings. However,FAQ postings are unable to link to and access a separate informationcollection. Additionally, the questions-answers texts which are enteredin FAQ postings cannot be deleted. Thus, users of FAQ postings face theinconvenience of having to read large amounts of text to find answers totheir questions.

More sophisticated FAQ postings and systems have recently appeared onthe World Wide Web (WWW). FIG. 1 shows a screen shot 10 of a FAQ systemusing hypertext markup language (HTML)-based hypertext links for linkingFAQs to answers. Hypertext systems permit text or a location in adocument to be linked to other texts or locations within the samedocument, to other documents as a whole, and/or to text in otherdocuments. In screen shot 10, the HTML-based hypertext links allow usersto click on any question in questions list 15 to reach, via an HTMLlink, one or more of selected texts 20 which answer the selectedquestion. Examples of hypertext systems include LinksWare by LinksWareCorporation, Acrobat by Adobe Systems, Augment by Douglas C. Engelbart,and the Web-based HTML. The following references are fully incorporatedherein by reference: Gruman, Galen, Reviews: Adobe Acrobat 2.0,MacWorld, pp. #59-61, (March 1995); Marie, Michael, Reviews: Easy-to-useLinksWare connects the documents, MacWeek (Aug. 9, 1993); Cohen, Raines,News: LinksWare 3.0 gets more hooks, MacWeek (May 10, 1993); Engelbart,Douglas C., Toward High-Performance Organizations: A Strategic Role ForGroupware, submitted for publication in Proceedings of the GroupWare '92Conference, San Jose, Calif., Aug. 3-5, 1992. HTML linking is furtherdiscussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,643, issued on Nov. 5, 1996, which isalso incorporated herein by reference.

FIGS. 2A-2D show various screen shots of “WWW FAQ Question and Answer”web pages located on the Netscape™ web server. This FAQ system allowsusers to contribute answers to their own or other users' questions.Under this FAQ system, a user may enter new questions or consult a listof questions currently stored in the system. Once a new question isentered, the entered question joins the current list of questions storedin the system. Any user consulting the list of stored questions can posea question to the system, view the answers, and/or add his/her ownanswer to at least one of the questions in the questions list.

FIG. 2A is a screen shot 50 indicating how to navigate the WWW FAQQuestion and Answer Index. FIG. 2B is a screen shot 55 whereby a usercan enter a question in query field 60 and select the “Ask Question”button 65. FIG. 2C is a screen shot 70 whereby a user can type aquestion in the query field 60 and select the “Add Question” button 75to add the question to the FAQ system. FIG. 2D is a screen shot 80whereby all questions stored in the FAQ system are shown in thequestions list 85. One disadvantage of this system is that thequestions-answers texts which are added in this system cannot bedeleted.

The “Answer Garden” system, which was developed by Mark Ackerman at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology, consists of a database ofquestions and answers arranged in a tree hierarchy. Users can browsethrough increasing levels of detail in the tree structure, until theyeither find exactly or almost the question for which they are seeking ananswer, or conclude that their question has not been submitted to andanswered by the system. If the user's question matches a questionalready in the system, then the answer will be retrieved from thesystem's database and displayed for the user. If the user's questiondoes not match a question already in the system, then the user maysubmit his/her question to the system. Once the user's question has beensubmitted, it is routed to an expert who is responsible for questions ina particular region of the tree hierarchy. The expert may then choose toadd the question and the expert's corresponding answer to the system.See, Ackerman, Mark S. and Malone, Thomas W., Answer Garden: A Tool forGrowing Organizational Memory, supra. Similar to FAQ postings, theAnswer Garden does not call upon or link to a separate informationcollection. Additionally, the Answer Garden does not provide ease of usefor users of the system.

Under the FAQ FINDER system, a user can enter a question in naturallanguage form, and the system uses FAQ files as a resource in attemptingto answer the question. The FAQ files are organized as question/answerpairs. See, Hammond, K., Burke, R., Martin, C. and Lytinen, S., FAQFinder: A Case-Based Approach to Knowledge Navigation, Proceedings ofthe 11th Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Applications, IEEEComputer Society Press, Los Alamitos, Calif. (1995), which is fullyincorporated herein by reference.

What is needed is an information retrieval system which permits users toeasily retrieve answers to FAQs and to update FAQs and answers in thesystem. cl SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a system for retrieving information whichis relevant to a user's input, and further for capturing the operator'sknowledge into a database, thus making it easier to access thatknowledge for others having a similar query. Thus, the inventionprovides an organic approach to building a “learning system.” The systemprovided by the invention has an input interface through which a usercan enter an input. A questions source is coupled to the input interfaceand contains questions which are comparable to the input and which thesource retrieves in response to an input. An information source iscoupled to the input interface and contains information which isrelevant to retrieved questions. A searcher is coupled to the inputinterface for searching the information source for information which isrelevant to the input.

The present invention further provides a method for a computer system toretrieve information relevant to a user's input including the steps of:entering an input in an input interface; matching the input with aquestion stored in a questions source; and selecting a question in thequestions source with which to retrieve information relevant to thequestion.

This invention is useful in situations where questions re-occur. Forexample, in a helpline or hotline environment, the users of thisinvention are the mediators between the information seekers (callers)and the information being sought. Callers often present the users withthe same or similar questions, and this invention permits the users tostore and access these similar questions with linked answers for thebenefit of both the callers and the users.

This invention is also useful in situations, such as in a computer usergroup environment, where information seekers seek answers to similarquestions. The invention permits the information seekers to accessquestion-answer pairs which have been asked and stored by previousinformation seekers. The invention also permits information seekers tostore their question-answer pairs for the benefit of future informationseekers. Consequently, since the invention encourages and facilitatesuser input, organizations will now be able to better tailor thedevelopment of their products, or to improve their services, based onuser or consumer input.

This invention is particularly useful in building “organizational memorysystems” which can link recurring questions to formal and informalcollections of information. See Engelbart, Douglas C. and Hooper,Kristina, The Augmentation System Framework, Interactive Multimedia,(edited by Sueann Ambron and Kristina Hooper), Microsoft Press, pp.#16-31 (1988), which is fully incorporated herein by reference. Formalinformation collections can include published document collections,monthly reports and documents contained in a computer server. Informalinformation collections can include e-mail messages, voice mail messagesand journal or lab notebook entries.

This invention has the advantage of providing ease of use for users.Another advantage of the invention is that it can link FAQs to answerslocated in various environments, such as a local computer hard drive ora website on the Internet. Additionally, the invention permits users toexpand the content of an information source.

The invention has the further advantage of permitting users to deletelinked question-answer pairs which have become useless. For example, acatalog company using this invention may have stored question-answerpairs concerning Christmas discounts or sales during the months ofNovember and December. Such “seasonal” question-answer pairs lose theirimportance later on. This invention permits such seasonalquestion-answer pairs to be removed when appropriate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a screen shot of a FAQ system using HTML-based Hypertextlinks;

FIGS. 2A-2D are various screen shots of the WWW “FAQ Question andAnswer” web pages;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a computer system which is capable ofimplementing the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a FAQ-Linker system according to apreferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are screen shots showing how an answer is retrieved fromthe questions database of FIG. 4;

FIGS. 7-9 are screen shots showing how a user's question is added to thequestions database of FIG. 4;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a method of storing linkedquestions and answers according to a preferred embodiment of theinvention;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the FAQ-Linker system 200 of theinvention; and

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operation according tothe invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a host computer system 100 which is capableof implementing the present invention. Host computer system 100 may be adesktop or portable computer, a workstation, a server, a personaldigital assistant, or another computer system. Host computer system 100preferably includes a central processing unit (CPU) 105 such as aconventional microprocessor, a read-only memory (ROM) 110, a randomaccess memory (RAM) 115, an input/output (I/O) adapter 120 forconnecting peripheral devices 125 such as disk drives, a user interfaceadapter 130 for connecting input devices such as a keyboard 135, a mouse140, a touch screen device 145, a voice keyboard 147 and/or other userinterface devices 150 to a system bus 155. Communications adapter 160connects the host computer system 100 to a data processing network 165,and a display adapter 170 connects system bus 155 to a display device175.

FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of a FAQ-Linker system 200 accordingto the present invention. FAQ-Linker system 200, which comprisessoftware and data, typically is stored in a disk drive 125 and loadedinto RAM 115 for execution by CPU 105. The FAQ-Linker software includesa client application 202 which generates a screen 205. A user firstenters his/her input or question into a query field 210, and in responsean output field 217 displays a list of questions 215 which may match theuser's question. Questions list 215 is stored in and retrieved from thequestions database 220. Each question in questions list 215 is linked toanswers contained in at least one document of a document collection 225,which may be stored locally or remotely across a network. Documentcollection 225 may include multiple sources that are accessible,directly or remotely, by the client application 202. Preferably,document collection 225 can store various data or information including,but not limited to, texts, sounds, voices, videos and images.

A search and index engine 230 enables host computer system 100 to searcharbitrary data collections, either locally or across a network. Searchand index engine 230 is preferably a software program attached to anapplication program or to the operating system of host computer system100. Client application 202 permits: (a) search and retrieval offrequently asked questions stored in questions database 220, (b)transmission of full text queries to be performed by the search andindex engine 230, (c) viewing of document sections in documentcollection 225, and (d) the creation of links between a user's questionand answers contained in document collection 225. The invention capturesquestions being asked by the user and links relevant portions ofdocuments that are useful in answering a particular question of a user.Thus, the invention provides users a system and method for quickly andeasily obtaining answers to their questions.

The screen shots of FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate a method by which a usermay retrieve an answer to a question contained in questions database 220of FIG. 4. Referring first to FIG. 5, a user may enter in query field210 an input or question 250 containing the text “When is the libraryopen?” As the user types the question 250, questions list 215 isretrieved from questions database 220 and displayed in output field 217,preferably in real time.

The order of the questions in questions list 215 is determined by thefollowing. Questions are stored in questions database 220 in twomanners. First, each question is stored exactly as the user typed it inquery field 210. Second, each question is stored with “stopwords”removed, and the remaining words “stemmed.” Stopwords are common Englishwords that add no meaning to a sentence. For example, articles (e.g.,“a,” “an,” and “the”) and connectives (e.g., “because,” “however,” and“therefore”) are stopwords. A word is stemmed by removing any suffix andthereby reducing it to a common morphological form. For example, thewords “manufacture,” “manufacturers,” “manufacturing,” “manufactured,”and “manufactures” all refer to the general concept of manufacturing.The stemming algorithm determines that the words above have the commonstem of “manufacture” All stemmed words of the user's question are thenstored in questions database 220.

Thus as a user types a question in query field 210, the inventionexecutes an algorithm to remove all stopwords in the question and tostem the remaining words. The invention compares the stemmed words typedin query field 210 to the stemmed words stored in questions database220. If a word in the user's query matches a word in a question in thequestions database 220, then one point is assigned for the question inquestions database 220. If other words in the user's query match wordsin the database question, then additional points are assigned. Thematched questions from questions database 220 are output in questionlist 215 starting with the question having the most points. In the FIG.5 questions list 215, the question “WHAT SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE?” hasthe highest matching score based on the query input by the user.

The user may then select a retrieved question by pointing amouse-controlled pointer 260 to the retrieved question anddouble-clicking the mouse. A retrieved question may also be selected byusing a screen cursor 265 to highlight the question. By selecting aretrieved question, the linked sections from the document collection 220(FIG. 4) are automatically opened for viewing.

If the user decides to open the question “WHAT SERVICES ARE AVAILABLE?”,then the system displays a text section of a document 280 as shown inFIG. 6, which provides an answer to the opened question. The user maythen point the cursor 260 to the “Find Next Link” selection 285 anddouble-click the mouse, or hit the return/enter key on a keyboard.Selecting the “Find Next Link” selection 285 causes screen 205 todisplay additional text section which answers the question “WHATSERVICES ARE AVAILABLE?” This additional text section may be part of thesame or of another document.

Thus the FAQ-Linker system 200 is particularly helpful for technicalhelpline personnel. For example, a customer may call and inquire how toobtain an updated version of a software product. A helpline operatorthen enters the customer's question in query field 210 (FIG. 4) and userscreen 205 displays questions list 215. If one of the questions in thequestions list 215 is sufficiently similar to the customer's question,the helpline personnel can simply double-click on this similar questionto access a linked answer contained in the document collection 225.

The screen shots of FIGS. 7-9 show how a user may add a question to thequestions database 220 of FIG. 4. Thus the invention allows users tore-phrase previously entered questions in questions database 220 and toadd the rephrased questions to questions database 220. The re-phrasedquestions will be linked to answers in document collection 225. Theinvention also allows users to add and link new questions which are notalready stored in questions database 220.

Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, assume a user enters a question 300containing the text “What is a temp?”, and the questions list 305including the question “Can I temp while on my 60 day notice period?” isreturned. If the user decides that questions list 305 does not includeany questions sufficiently matching the entered question 300, then theuser may click a “search” button (not shown) to conduct a full textsearch of document collection 225 (FIG. 4) based on question 300.Clicking the search button sends question 300 as a query to search andindex engine 230 (FIG. 4), which retrieves ranked document list 310 ofdocuments ranked from the highest score to the lowest score in column315. In addition, the following identifiers for each document are shown:title in column 320, size in column 325, creation date in column 330,and application in column 335. The user can then open any document inranked document list 310 to determine if it answers the question 300.For example, the user may open the document 340 entitled “Temp AgencyPolicy Nov. 15, 1993,” and find one or more relevant sections indocument 340 which answers question 300. Additionally, a variety ofsearch and indexing technologies may be used in the present invention.Various search and indexing technologies are described in Salton, etal., Introduction To Modern Information Retrieval, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,New York (1983), which is fully incorporated herein by reference.

FIG. 8 is a screen shot 350 before creation of a link between thequestion 300 and the document texts in ranked document list 310 of FIG.7. The user first highlights a text section (not shown) in the document340 (FIG. 7) to create a link between the highlighted text section andthe question 300. The user then creates the link between the question300 and the highlighted text section by clicking on the “Add Link”selection 355. The question 300 can be linked to multiple text sectionsin one or more documents. For example, the user may link question 300 toanother text section in document 340 or to a text section in anotherdocument in the ranked document list 310. The number of links createdbetween the question 300 and text sections in the ranked document list310 is indicated in field 360.

Unlike this invention, the FAQ Finder does not permit the dynamiclocation of answers. In other words, the FAQ Finder does not permit theuser to build a link between the user's question and any text(s) whichthe user concludes are relevant answers to the question.

As an alternative, a user of this invention may also create a linkbetween the question 300 and at least one question in questions list305. By linking a user's question to at least one question in thequestions list 305, subsequent users who enter queries in query field210 may retrieve a question list containing alternative or more usefulversions of their own queries.

FIG. 9 shows a screen shot 400 after the question 300 is linked to atleast one document section in the ranked document list 310 of FIG. 7.The question 300 is now included in the questions list 305 and is shownin the text field 405. The question 300 containing the text “What is atemp?” is also now stored in the questions database 220 (FIG. 4) and istherefore made available to be returned to other users of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating steps in a method of storinglinked questions and answers according to a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention. A user may enter in query field 210 the question “whohas hit the most home runs in a major league baseball season” as shownin block 500. Block 505 provides text which answers, and is linked to,the question in block 500. Block 505 contains the following text:

Probably the most prestigious accomplishment in Baseball history is themost home runs in a season. Babe Ruth held this award for many yearswith 60 home runs, until Roger Maris of the Yankees eclipsed the Babewith 61.”

The following information would then be stored in questions database220. First, the entire text of the question “who has hit the most homeruns in a major league baseball season” is stored as shown in block 510.As shown in block 515, the question is also stored in stemmed formwithout stopwords. The text in block 515 contains the following stemmedtext: “hit most home run major league baseball season.” Third, the textin block 505 is stored in questions database 220 according to the formshown in block 520, which contains the first 30 character slots:

“Probably_the_most_prestigious_” and contains the last 30 characterslots:

“ees_eclipsed_the_Babe_with_(—)61.”

Additionally, information concerning the path (location) and filename ofa document containing the text in block 505 is stored in the questionsdatabase 220, as represented by block 525.

The linked questions and answers are stored according to the methodabove because if the entire text contained in block 505 were stored inquestions database 220, the invention might not tolerate changes beingmade to the block 505 text. The method shown in the block diagram ofFIG. 10 permits changes to be made between the first and last 30characters of the linked answer text.

Other methods may also be used for storing answer text which is linkedto a user's question. For example, standard generalized mark-up language(SGML) tags or other structure-related locations in documents may beused for specifying where answer texts are to be found within adocument.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the FAQ-Linker system 200 of the presentinvention wherein the document collection 225 contains text, image,sound and informal data. FAQ-Linker system 200 may be modified so thatanswers retrieved from document collection 225 and linked to questionslist 215 may include any of the following: text information 600, imagedata 605, sound data 610 and/or informal data or information 615. Forexample, an answer retrieved from document collection 225 may include atext document with sound and video clips, or it may include sound/voicedata, moving/non-moving videos or images, or a combination of the above.Examples of informal information 615 are e-mail messages, voice mailmessages, notes, journal or lab notebook entries, timesheets, memorandaand other information stored in document collection 225.

FAQ-linker system 200 may be modified further so that information from adynamic information source 620 is linked to questions list 215. Adynamic information source 620 could include a database which is updatedperiodically, such as a weather database or a source which tracks stockprices. A dynamic information source 620 could also include access to anindividual's phone, e-mail address or account, and computer hard drive.For example, assume the following question is entered into query field210: “How are links created in the FAQ-Linker system?” Questions list215 displays the following retrieved question: “Who invented theFAQ-Linker?” By opening this retrieved question, answer text (with orwithout video and voice attachments) from document collection 225 may bedisplayed. In addition, system 200 may permit a user to place atelephone call or send e-mail questions from the client application 202directly to the inventors of the FAQ-Linker system.

FAQ-Linker system 200 may be modified further to permit a user to entervoice queries, image-based queries or other non-text inputs in theclient application 202. Voice queries may be entered by using the voicekeyboard 147 shown in FIG. 3 for converting voice into a text queryinput. Image-based queries may be entered by using image-based searchtechnologies and/or other user interface devices 150 (FIG. 3), such asimage detectors and image analyzers.

FAQ-Linker system 200 may be modified further to create links between aquery and non-text data (e.g., image or voice data). For example, aquery may be linked to non-text data by establishing a link between thequery text and the text surrounding the non-text data. Additionally,questions database 220 and/or document collection 225 may be modified sothat links may be created between text or non-text queries and non-textinformation stored in document collection 225.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating steps in a method of operationaccording to the present invention. In step 700, a user enters aquestion (or input) in query field 210. In step 705, the inventionmatches the entered question with questions stored in questions database220. In step 710, the questions list 215 is generated in the clientapplication 202, and the user determines if at least one question inquestions list 215 sufficiently matches the entered question. If so,then the user may select a matching question, as shown in step 715. Instep 720 a document which provides an answer to the matching question isopened. In step 725 the linked text section in the opened document isdisplayed for the user. In step 730 the user may open other documentslinked to the matching questions. Otherwise, the method returns to step700 where the user may enter a new question in query field 215.

If in step 710 the user does not find a question in questions list 215sufficiently matching the user's question, then in step 735 the user maychoose to modify the question which was entered in step 700. If the userchooses not to modify the question, then in step 740 the user may sendit as a query to the search and index engine 230. In response to theuser's query ranked documents are retrieved in step 745. The user canthen open and view any of the retrieved documents to search for ananswer to his/her question. In step 750, the user has an option ofwhether to link his/her question to a selection in a retrieved document.If the user chooses to link the question to the selection, then in step755 the user's question and linked answer(s) are stored in questionsdatabase 220. Thus the user's question will be available for access byother users of the invention. In step 760, users have the option ofdeleting any questions and linked answers stored in questions database220. Thus, the invention provides an important feature whereby “seasonalquestions” (e.g., frequently asked questions which occur duringChristmas) can be deleted at a later time. Seasonal questions could beretained in a separate questions database and re-added when appropriate.For example, question-answer pairs concerning Christmas sales can bere-added annually during the Christmas holiday season.

While various embodiments and applications of this invention have beenshown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the artthat modifications are possible without departing from the inventiveconcepts described herein. The invention, therefore, is not to berestricted except in the spirit of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for retrieving information which isrelevant to a user's input, comprising: an input interface including aninput portion for a user to enter a first query, an input/output portionand an output portion; a first data source, searchably and readablycoupled to said input portion and to said input/output portion, whereinfirst responses to said first query, if any, are found, read andreturned to said input/output portion, said returned first responsesbeing user selectable to form a second query; a second data source,searchably and readably coupled to said input/output portion and to saidoutput portion, wherein second responses to said second query, if any,are found, read and returned to said output portion; and a searcher,coupled to said input portion and to said input/output portion, forsearching said second data source to find said responses to said firstquery or to said second query.
 2. The system of claim 1 wherein saidsecond responses include text information.
 3. The system of claim 1wherein said second responses include image information.
 4. The systemof claim 1 wherein said second responses include sound information. 5.The system of claim 1 wherein said searcher includes a linker forforming links between relevant documents and/or sections of relevantdocuments and said first or second query.
 6. A system for retrievinginformation which is relevant to a user's input, comprising: inputinterface means including input means for a user to enter a first query,input/output means and output means; first data storage meanssearchably, readably and writably coupled to said input means andsearchably and readably coupled to said input/output means, whereinfirst responses, if any, to said first query are found, read andreturned to said input/output means, said returned first responses beinguser selectable to form a second query; second data storage meanssearchably coupled to said input/output means and searchably andreadably coupled to said output means, wherein second responses, if any,to said second query are found, read and returned to said output means;and searcher means, readably coupled to said input means and to saidinput/output means and searchably coupled to said second data storagemeans, for finding said responses relevant to said first query and/orsaid second query.
 7. The system of claim 6 wherein said secondresponses include information selected from the group consisting of textinformation, image information and sound information.
 8. The system ofclaim 6 wherein said searcher means includes a linking means for forminglinks between relevant documents and/or sections of relevant documentsand said first or second query.
 9. A method for a computer system toretrieve information in response to a user's input, comprising: enteringa first input into an input portion of a computer input interface;searching a first information source for information matching said firstinput; forming, from said matching information, a first responseincluding one or more first matches; returning said first response to aninput/output portion of said computer input interface; selecting, fromsaid input/output portion, at least one first match forming a secondinput; searching a second information source for information linked tosaid second input; and returning said linked information to an outputportion of said computer input interface.
 10. The method of claim 9further comprising: searching said second information source forunlinked information in response to said second input; and linking saidunlinked information to said second input.
 11. The method of claim 9further comprising writing said first input into said first informationsource.
 12. The method of claim 9 wherein searching a first informationsource includes: parsing said first input for stopwords; and removingsaid stopwords prior to searching.
 13. The method of claim 12 whereinsearching a first information source includes: stemming said first inputafter removing stopwords therefrom; and storing said stenuned firstinput in said first information source.